Aḍud al-Dawla (Arabic: عضد الدولة ) or Azod od-Dowleh Panah (Fana) Khusraw (Persian: عضدالدوله فناخسرو) (September 24, 936, Isfahan - March 26, 983) was an emir of the Buyid dynasty in Iran and Iraq. He is widely regarded as the greatest emir of the dynasty.
The son of Rukn al-Daula, Fana Khusrau was given the title of 'Adud al-Daula by the Abbasid caliph in 948 when he was made emir of Fars after the death of his childless uncle 'Imad al-Daula, after which Rukn al-Daula became the senior emir of the Buwayhids. In 974 'Adud al-Daula was sent by his father to crush a rebellion by his cousin 'Izz al-Daula. After defeating his cousin's forces, he claimed the emirate of Iraq for himself, angering his father, though he would become the senior emir after the death of his father.
'Adud al-Dawla became emir of Iraq while the capital of Baghdad was suffering from violence and instability owing to sectarian conflict. In order to bring peace and stability to the city, he ordered the banning of public demonstrations and polemics. At the same time, he patronized a number of Shi'a scholars such as al-Mufid, and he sponsored the renovation of a number of important Shi'a shrines.
In addition, 'Adud al-Daula is credited with sponsoring and patronizing other scientific projects during his time. An observatory was built by his orders in Isfahan where Azophi worked. al-Muqaddasi also reports of a great dam built under his orders between Shiraz, Iran and Istakhr in 960 CE. The dam irrigated some 300 villages in Fars province and became known as Band-i Amir. Among his other major constructions was the digging of the Haffar channel, that joined the Karun River to the Arvand Rud / Shatt al-Arab river (the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates). The port of Khorramshahr is built on the Haffar, at its joining point with the Arvand Rud/Shatt al-Arab.
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Adud al-Dawla kept his court in Shiraz.He visited Baghdad frequentlyand kept some of his ministers there.He had a Christian minister Nasr Ibn Harun.[1][2] Under him the kingdom a spell of prosperity.His policies were liberal there were no Riots during his reign.He embellished Baghdad with numerous public buildings he built the famous public hospital Bimaristan Al-Adudi.It was the largest hospital of that time[3] He also founded the Bimaristan-i Adhudi (Al-Adudi Hospital) which is where the great hakim Rhazes spent his last days practicing in. (E. Browne, p. 46)
Adud al Dawla died in 983 and wisburied in Najaf.He held power for four years .His reign was a peaceful one.His death was a great blow to the Buwayhids.
| Preceded by 'Imad al-Daula |
Buyid Amir (in Fars & Kerman) 949–983 |
Succeeded by Sharaf al-Daula |
| Preceded by 'Izz al-Daula |
Buyid Amir (in Iraq) 978–983 |
Succeeded by Samsam al-Daula |